In-Toeing in Children: What Parents Need to Know

In-Toeing in Children: What Parents Need to Know

Intoeing, commonly called being “pigeon-toed,” means a child’s feet point inward during standing or walking. Most cases are benign and self-correcting, requiring no special treatment. The three primary causes are metatarsus adductus (curved forefoot), internal tibial...
Flat Feet in Children: What Parents Need to Know

Flat Feet in Children: What Parents Need to Know

Most flat feet in children are flexible, painless, and resolve on their own as the arch develops. No treatment is needed unless your child has pain, stiffness, or a foot that stays flat even on tiptoe. Two findings change that: persistent activity-related pain or an...
Cyanotic Feet: When It’s Serious and What to Do

Cyanotic Feet: When It’s Serious and What to Do

Bluish or purple discoloration of the feet, called cyanosis, signals that tissues are receiving less oxygenated blood than they need. Most cases in adults are peripheral and caused by cold exposure, vasospasm, or poor circulation, but some are medical emergencies....